Cosmology and the massive photon frequency shift in the Standard-Model Extension

The total red shift z might be recast as a combination of the expansion red shift and a static shift due to the energy-momentum tensor non-conservation of a photon propagating through Electro-Magnetic (EM) fields. If massive, the photon may be described by the de Broglie-Proca (dBP) theory which satisfies the... Show more